Tick-horne encephalitis is an acute neuro viral disease characterized with damage of grey matter with development of paresis and paralysis. Pathogen is RNA virus from arbovirus group that is sensitive to action of disinfection solutions.
Tick-horne encephalitis is a natural focal disease. The reservoir is wild animals (mice, rats, chipmunks) and ticks which are virus carriers. Infecting of a human occurs via tick bite and during consumption of infected products.
Symptoms and course
Incubation period lasts 8 – 23 days. In most cases the disease shows with sudden temperature rise up to 39 – 40C, then appears acute headache, nausea, vomit, redding of face, neck, upper part of chest. Sometimes occurs loss of consciousness, cramps. Patient feels weakness. The disease may show with other signs.
Feverish form of encephalitis is caracterized with benign course, fever during 3 – 6 days, headache, nausea. Neuralgic signs are mild.
Meningeal form of encephalitis is characterized with fever lating 7 – 10, symptoms of common intoxication, in cerebrospinal liquid is found lymphocytic pleocytosis, the disease lasts 3 – 4 weeks, the prognosis is favorable.
Meningitic form of encephalitis is characterized with restraint, somnolency, delirium, psychomotor agitation, disorientation symptom, hallucinations, often occurs severe paroxysmal syndrome. Mortality is 25%.
Poliomyelitis form of encephalitis is characterized with musculature of neck and upper limbs with muscle atrophy to the end of 2 – 3 weeks
Complications
Rudimentary paralysis, muscle atrophy, loop of intelligence, sometimes epilepsy. There may be no full recovery.
Recognition
Recognition is made on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory data.
Treatment
Strict bed regimen. At first three days are prescribed injections of antiencephalitic donor gamma globulin. Dehydration remedies. Intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of glucose, sodium chloride, mannitol. Oxygen therapy.
Preventive Measures
Vaccination.
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