Mumps

Mumps is a virus disease characterized with common intoxication, increase of one or several salivary glands, frequently damage of other glands and nervous system. Causative agent is a spherical shape virus with tropism to glanderous and nervous tissues. It is less resistant to physical and chemical factors. Source of infection is diseased person. Infection occurs by drop infusion. Virus is found in saliva at 3 – 4 day of incubation period after which virus stops its releasing. Outbreaks usually bear local character.

Symptoms and course
Incubation period is 15 – 19 days. Primary symptoms are weakness, muscle pains, headache, chilling, sleeping and appetite disorders. With development of inflammatory process in salivary gland do appear  signs of its damage (dryness in mouth, pains in ear area during eating and talking). The disease may course in mild or severe forms. Depending on form the body temperature may rise up to 40 C and degree of intoxication may be different. Most common symptom is damage of salivary glands.

The gland increases, appear pains during palpation. Great diagnostic value has inflammatory reaction in area of emunctory canal of damaged parotid gland. Skin above inflammatory gland is strained, inflation may spread to the neck. Gland increase lasts usually three days and is kept for 2 – 3 days. The disease may result in severe complications such as  meningitis, meningoencephalitis, orchitis, pancreatitis, labyrinthitis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis.

Treatment
Bed regimen is recommended for 10 days. Patient must follow special diet, no white bread, fats and fiber (cabbage). In orchitis is prescribed suspensory, prednisolone 5 – 7 days.  In meningitis are prescribed corticosteroid medications, are made lumbar punctures, 40% Urotropine injections intravenously.  In acute pancreatitis is prescribed liquid light diet, daturine, papaverine, coldness on abdomen. If patient suffers from vomiting is prescribed aminazin. Prognosis is favourable.

Preventive measures
During mumps epidemic in schools it is necessary to set in 21 days quarantine. Children who had contacts with diseased children are not allowed in schools from 9 to 21 day of incubation period and they should get injections of placentary gamma globulin. Disinfection in the focus is not performed.