There are two clinical forms of plague: bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. In bubonic plague do appears acute pain in area of damaged lymphatic glands (located in groin area) before their increase, in children pain appears in underarm and neck areas.
Regional lymphatic glands are damaged in spots of flea-bites. In those spots is rapidly developed haemorrhagic necrotic inflammation. Glands are joined between them (also with adjoining skin and hypoderm) into adhesions forming a large bag (bubo). The skin glosses, becomes red, appear sores on it and bobos get opened. In hemorrhagic exudate is found large amount of plague bacillus.
In pneumonic plague appears hemorrhagic inflammation with necrosis of small pulmonary focuses.
Then appear acute pains in chest, heartbeats, labored breathing, tachycardia, delirium, fear of a deep breath. Cough appears at the beginning, with big amount of mucilaginous, transparent hyaline wet which then becomes foamy, liquid and rusty. Pain in chest increases, breath becomes weaker. Typical symptoms of common intoxication: quick aggravation of condition, development of infectious toxic shock syndrome. The prognosis is severe, patient dies in 3 – 5 days.
Recognition
Recognition is based on clinic and epidemiologic evidences. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of laboratory tests (bacterioscopic, bacteriologic, biological, serologic).
Treatment
All diseased people must be hospitalized. Major principles of therapy is complex usage of antibacterial, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapies. Are indicated infections of desintoxication liquids such as polyglucin, plasma, hemodez, glucose solution, salt solution.
Prevention
Fighting gnawing animals, especially rats. Supervising people who work with infected materials.
Showing posts with label intoxication. Show all posts
Showing posts with label intoxication. Show all posts
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute contagious disease affecting mainly children and is characterized with jaws damaging (more rarely, nose or eyes damaging), fibrinous pellicle appearing and common body intoxication.
Causative pathogen is Klebs-Löffler bacillus which releases toxin causing diphtheria symptoms. Infection occurs airborne when you have contact with patients (via coughing, sneezing) and objects. The disease affects not everyone. In most people is formed healthy bacteria carrying. Last years is noticed a tendency for incidence rate. Seasonal pickup occurs in autumn.
Symptoms and course
By localization diphtheria may be of following types:
On spots of localization of microbe is formed hardly removable hoary pellicle that is released with cough (when affecting throat and bronchi). Incubation period is 2 – 10 days (more frequently 3 – 5 days). Today most frequently occurs faucial diphtheria. Catarrhal faucial diphtheria not always may be recognized, general patient's condition almost is not changed.
Symptoms: moderate weakness, high temperature of body, and insignificant puffiness of amygdala and lymph nodes increase. This type of diphtheria may end up with recovery or it may transform into other diphtheria type. Severe toxic cases of faucial diphtheria start with temperature increase to 38 – 40C and with symptoms of common intoxication.
Cervical submaxillary gland with edema of skin structure are intumesced. In toxic diphtheria of first degree the edema reaches the middle of neck, in second degree reaches clavicula, and un third degree spreads below clavicula. Sometimes the edema may cover even face. Patients suffer from skin pallor, blue color of lips, tachycardia, blood pressure lowering.
Recognition
In order to confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to detect in patient diphtheria bacillus.
Treatment
Main method of specific therapy is immediate injection of antitoxic antidiphtheric serum . Also is recommended disintoxication therapy, vitamin therapy, treatment with oxygen.
Preventive Measures
The main way to prevent diphtheria is immunization.
Causative pathogen is Klebs-Löffler bacillus which releases toxin causing diphtheria symptoms. Infection occurs airborne when you have contact with patients (via coughing, sneezing) and objects. The disease affects not everyone. In most people is formed healthy bacteria carrying. Last years is noticed a tendency for incidence rate. Seasonal pickup occurs in autumn.
Symptoms and course
By localization diphtheria may be of following types:
- faucial diphtheria
- laryngeal diphtheria
- nasal diphtheria
- ocular diphtheria
- ear diphtheria
- skin diphtheria
- genitalia diphtheria
On spots of localization of microbe is formed hardly removable hoary pellicle that is released with cough (when affecting throat and bronchi). Incubation period is 2 – 10 days (more frequently 3 – 5 days). Today most frequently occurs faucial diphtheria. Catarrhal faucial diphtheria not always may be recognized, general patient's condition almost is not changed.
Symptoms: moderate weakness, high temperature of body, and insignificant puffiness of amygdala and lymph nodes increase. This type of diphtheria may end up with recovery or it may transform into other diphtheria type. Severe toxic cases of faucial diphtheria start with temperature increase to 38 – 40C and with symptoms of common intoxication.
Cervical submaxillary gland with edema of skin structure are intumesced. In toxic diphtheria of first degree the edema reaches the middle of neck, in second degree reaches clavicula, and un third degree spreads below clavicula. Sometimes the edema may cover even face. Patients suffer from skin pallor, blue color of lips, tachycardia, blood pressure lowering.
Recognition
In order to confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to detect in patient diphtheria bacillus.
Treatment
Main method of specific therapy is immediate injection of antitoxic antidiphtheric serum . Also is recommended disintoxication therapy, vitamin therapy, treatment with oxygen.
Preventive Measures
The main way to prevent diphtheria is immunization.
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