Upper respiratory infections are common conditions with predominant damage of respiratory tract. URI is caused by various aetiologic agents (viruses, micoplasmas, bacterias). Immune system after past diseases is strongly compound-specific to virus of influenza, parainfluenza, herpes, rhinovirus.
That is why one and the same person may get diseased with acute respiratory disease up to 7 times throughout a year. The source of infection is a diseased person with clinically showed or hiden symptoms of acute respiratory disease. Virus transmission occurs mainly via airbone. URI occurs as individual cases or epidemic outbreaks.
Symptoms and the course
URI is characterized with mild symptoms of general intoxication, damage of upper respiratory tract and benign course. Damage of respiration organs shows as rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia.
Some aetiologic agents besides manifestations mentioned above also cause another symptoms: conjunctivitis, mild symptoms of herpangina in enterovirus diseases, syndrome of catarrhal croup in parainfluenza infections. The duration of the disease without pneumonia is 2 – 8 days. In pneumonia (often caused by microplasmas, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus along with bacterial infection) the duration is 3 – 4 weeks and is more hardly cured.
Recognition
URI is recognized clinically – diagnosis “URI” is made and its breakdown is given (rhinitis, nasopharyngitis). Etiological diagnosis is made only after laboratory tests.
Treatment
Antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic compounds are not effective because they do not act on the virus. Antibiotics may be prescribed in acute bacterial respiratory diseases. Treatment is performed at home. In ceses when patient suffers from fever it is recommended bed regimen. Are prescribed nosotropic and fever-reducing remedies.
Preventive Measures
Vaccination is performed. In order to prevent A influenza it is recommended to use remantadin.
Showing posts with label influenza. Show all posts
Showing posts with label influenza. Show all posts
Thursday, March 1, 2012
Sunday, February 26, 2012
Influenza
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by various types of influenza viruses. The source of the viruses is human, especially at early stage of the disease. The virus releases during talking, coughing or sneezing during 4-7 days of the disease. Infection of healthy people occurs via airborne.
Symptoms
Incubation period lasts 12 – 48 hours. Typical influenza starts acutely, often with chill. Temperature of the body during 24 hours reaches maximum (38-40 degrees C). Clinical manifestations are made of syndrom of common toxicosis (fever, weakness, sweatiness, muscle pains, severe headache, pains in eye-ball, watering, photophobia) and signs of respiratory organs damage (dry cough, congested pipes, gravel voice, stuffiness in nose). During examination is distinguished blood pressure lowering, heart tones muting. Diffuse lesion of upper parts of repiratory organs (rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngitis) is determined. Peripheral blood is characterized with leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytosis, Blood sedimentation rate is not high. Often influenza may result in such complications as pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, genyantritis, otitis.
Recognition of influenza during epidemic is not complicated and is based on clinical and epidemiological data. In interepidemic time influenza occurs rarely and diagnosis may be made with the help of laboratory methods such as distinguishing influenza agent in mucus of mouth and nose with the help of fluorescent antibodies. For retrospective diagnosis are used serological methods.
Treatment
Patients with uncomplicated influenza are treated at home and are settled into separate room or are isolated from family by a cover. During fever stage is recommended bed regimen and warmth (plentiful hot drink, warmer to the feet). Polyvitamins are prescribed. Widely are used pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs such as antihistamines (suprastin). To improve drainage function of respiratory organs are used expectorant drugs.
Preventive Measures
To prevent influenza is recommended vaccination. Patients diseased with influenza should eat from their own dishes which should be sterilized with boiling-hot water. People who look after patintes should use mask.
Symptoms
Incubation period lasts 12 – 48 hours. Typical influenza starts acutely, often with chill. Temperature of the body during 24 hours reaches maximum (38-40 degrees C). Clinical manifestations are made of syndrom of common toxicosis (fever, weakness, sweatiness, muscle pains, severe headache, pains in eye-ball, watering, photophobia) and signs of respiratory organs damage (dry cough, congested pipes, gravel voice, stuffiness in nose). During examination is distinguished blood pressure lowering, heart tones muting. Diffuse lesion of upper parts of repiratory organs (rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngitis) is determined. Peripheral blood is characterized with leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytosis, Blood sedimentation rate is not high. Often influenza may result in such complications as pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, genyantritis, otitis.
Recognition of influenza during epidemic is not complicated and is based on clinical and epidemiological data. In interepidemic time influenza occurs rarely and diagnosis may be made with the help of laboratory methods such as distinguishing influenza agent in mucus of mouth and nose with the help of fluorescent antibodies. For retrospective diagnosis are used serological methods.
Treatment
Patients with uncomplicated influenza are treated at home and are settled into separate room or are isolated from family by a cover. During fever stage is recommended bed regimen and warmth (plentiful hot drink, warmer to the feet). Polyvitamins are prescribed. Widely are used pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs such as antihistamines (suprastin). To improve drainage function of respiratory organs are used expectorant drugs.
Preventive Measures
To prevent influenza is recommended vaccination. Patients diseased with influenza should eat from their own dishes which should be sterilized with boiling-hot water. People who look after patintes should use mask.
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