Bubonic tularemia is characterized with primary damage of spot where infection entered. This form may occur on eyes when pathogen hits conjunctiva. Typically, on conjunctiva appears yellow follicular growth of millet grain size. When bubo develops in periotic and inframaxillary areas, the disease course is more lasting.
Anginal bubonic tularemia occurs in case of primary damage of mucus membrane of one of tonsils. Patient is infected via food.
Some forms of tularemia do damage internals. Pulmonary tularemia frequently occurs in fall and winter time. Generalized form courses like common infection with frank toxicosis, loss of consciousness, delirium, severe headaches and muscle pains.
There may be specific complications (secondary tularemic pneumonia, peritoneal inflammation, pericarditis, meningoencephalitis), and apostasis, gangrene caused by secondary bacterial flora.
Diagnosis is made on the basis of skin and serological tests.
Treatment
Admission of patient. Major treatment with antibacterial medications (tetracycline, aminoglycoside, streptomicin, laevomycetin) is performed till fifth day of normal body temperature. In long-running cases is used combination therapy with antibiotics and vaccine. It is very important to take vitamins and make recurrent donor-specific transfusions. In case of bubo fluctuation is performed surgical intervention (a wide cut to help bubo to release liquid). Patients leave hospital only after full clinic recovery.
Prevention
1. liquidation of hot spots or reduction of their areas
2. protection of houses, surface waters and food from mouse-like rodents
3. vaccination of people in hot spots of tularemia
No comments:
Post a Comment