Tetanus treatment is complex:
1. surgical treatment of wound
2. providing rest-cure for the patient
3. neutralization of toxin which circulates through the blood
4. reduction of convulsive disorder
5. prevention and treatment of complications such as pneumonia and sepsis
6. maintaining normal gas composition in blood, along with acid-base balance
7. fight with hyperthermia
8. maintaining adequate cardio-vascular activity
9. lung ventilation improvement
10. right diet
11. control over body functions
Doctor performs radical cut of wound edges which provides good outflow. As a preventive measure are precsribed antibiotics. Unvaccinated people should perform preventive measures with antitetanic serum by injecting tetanus toxoid into different parts of body. Vaccinated people also should inject antitetanic serum but in smaller amounts.
Nowadays is used specific gamma globulin obtaned from donor. Adsorbed tetanus toxoid is injected intramusculary three times 0.5ml each 3rd day. All preparations listed above affect toxin which circulates through the blood. Key role in intensive therapy against tetanus plays reduction or full elimination of tetanic spasm and for that purpose are used tranquilizing drugs. In severe cases to reduce spasms are used muscle relaxants. Respiratory insufficiency is provided by well developed methods of respiratory intensive care.
Prevention
Planned immunization of population with tetanus toxoid.
Showing posts with label tetanustoxoid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tetanustoxoid. Show all posts
Monday, March 12, 2012
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
Tetanus
Tetanus is an acute contagious disease characterized with hypertonia of sceletal muscles, spasms, hyperexcitability, common intoxication, high rate of mortality.
Tetanus pathogen - large-size anaerobic rod. This microorganism is able to produce strongest poison which aggravates secretion production in myoneural junctions. Microorganism is widely spread in nature, it persists in soil for a long time. Also it lives in intestinal tract of many domestic animals. So the animals are major source of infection, and way of transmission is soil.
Symptoms and course
Incubation period is 5 – 14 days, and the more shorter it is, the more severe disease is. Tetanus starts with unpleasant sensations in wound area, general uneasiness, anxiety, irritancy, appetite loss, headache, chills, fever. Patient suffers from masseteric cramps which make it difficult to open his mouth.
Cramp of swallowing muscles causes appearing of sardonic grin on patient's face and also makes it difficult to swallow. Those primary symptoms are specific only for tetanus. Then are developed stiffness of neck and long back muscles, back pains; therefore, patient is forced to lie in typical position with head drawn backwards and body bent forwards. By the third day abdomen muscles become tense, legs are drawn and their motions are restricted, however hands motions are little bit easier.
Dramatic tension of abdomen muscles makes breath more frequent and shallow. Crotch muscle contraction makes it difficult to urinate. Patient suffers from common cramps which last from several seconds to several minutes and often are caused by external irritants (when touching the bed). Patient's face turns blue and expresses suffering. Cramps may cause asphyxia, paralysis of heart work and breath.
During the whole illness patient keeps his consciousness. Tetanus is followed by high body temperature and sweatiness. The higher temperature is, the worse prognosis is. In favorable oucome the disease manifestations last 3 – 4 weeks, and usually on 10 – 12 day condition significantly improves. People who recovered from tetanus may suffer for a long time from common weakness, muscle constraint and weakness of cardiovascular activity.
Complications: pneumonia, muscle rupture, spinal compression fracture.
Tetanus pathogen - large-size anaerobic rod. This microorganism is able to produce strongest poison which aggravates secretion production in myoneural junctions. Microorganism is widely spread in nature, it persists in soil for a long time. Also it lives in intestinal tract of many domestic animals. So the animals are major source of infection, and way of transmission is soil.
Symptoms and course
Incubation period is 5 – 14 days, and the more shorter it is, the more severe disease is. Tetanus starts with unpleasant sensations in wound area, general uneasiness, anxiety, irritancy, appetite loss, headache, chills, fever. Patient suffers from masseteric cramps which make it difficult to open his mouth.
Cramp of swallowing muscles causes appearing of sardonic grin on patient's face and also makes it difficult to swallow. Those primary symptoms are specific only for tetanus. Then are developed stiffness of neck and long back muscles, back pains; therefore, patient is forced to lie in typical position with head drawn backwards and body bent forwards. By the third day abdomen muscles become tense, legs are drawn and their motions are restricted, however hands motions are little bit easier.
Dramatic tension of abdomen muscles makes breath more frequent and shallow. Crotch muscle contraction makes it difficult to urinate. Patient suffers from common cramps which last from several seconds to several minutes and often are caused by external irritants (when touching the bed). Patient's face turns blue and expresses suffering. Cramps may cause asphyxia, paralysis of heart work and breath.
During the whole illness patient keeps his consciousness. Tetanus is followed by high body temperature and sweatiness. The higher temperature is, the worse prognosis is. In favorable oucome the disease manifestations last 3 – 4 weeks, and usually on 10 – 12 day condition significantly improves. People who recovered from tetanus may suffer for a long time from common weakness, muscle constraint and weakness of cardiovascular activity.
Complications: pneumonia, muscle rupture, spinal compression fracture.
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